Skip to main content
News | 26 February 2025
Share on social

New training programme helps protect world's smallest penguin

Wellington’s coastline is home to many kororā (little penguins) who often choose to nest on the beaches. Sadly, off-leash dogs that roam the area are one of the biggest threats to these mānu, with 11 kororā lost to dog attacks in the past year.

Kate and dog Evie on kororā avoidance training course on Southern coastline.

While dogs may not mean any harm, even approaching a kororā while it’s travelling between the sea and its nest, or sniffing near their nesting areas can cause distress. This can lead to abandoned nests, leaving the birds exposed and vulnerable. 

A training method run by Kiwi Dog Avoidance Trainer Willy Marsh has been developed to teach dogs how to avoid these nesting sites and reduce the likelihood of them wanting to approach the penguins. Willy is known for his extensive experience teaching dogs how to avoid kiwi. 

Wellington City Council’s Team Leader for Animals Kate Baoumgren says that this training is crucial after the increase in dog attacks last year.

“We want to give these amazing kororā a chance at life and encourage dog owners to learn more about what they can do with their dogs when they’re out and about on public beaches.

“My own dog was one of the first to be trained, and when we went back for her reassessment, she remembered all the training and warned me about the upcoming penguins.”

Little blue penguin nesting in a box and looking at the camera.

How does this training work?

When it comes to teaching dogs about kororā, he uses a mix of penguin scents, sights, and sounds using an e-collar around a training course. This course has a mixture of  deceased penguins and ‘mock’ penguins, plus real penguin poop and nesting materials. Willy also has a Department of Conservation (DOC) permit to hold deceased kororā for this training, so dogs can directly smell a penguin. 

Willy will ‘shock’ the dog whenever it crosses the scent of a penguin but won’t do so in other areas of the course.

He explains that while there is often opposition to the use of e-collars, often they are harmful because they are used by people who do not understand the correct way to use them. 

“Many people think that they should use the e-collars to punish their dogs for incorrect behaviours, but they don’t often understand what it means. This can easily result in the dog receiving an excessive number of shocks and think the area or thing they were doing is linked to the collar. The inappropriate use of e-collars can also result in dogs becoming aggressive.

“I understand the learning process for dogs, so I apply minimal shocks, and in most cases with dogs coming to Penguin Avoidance Training I only need to use the vibrate mode.”

The training is based around the concept of giving the dog a fright at exactly the right time, which is when the dog has its brain full of the scent of a penguin. Giving the dog a fright is achieved by the sudden movement of a mock penguin in combination with the vibrate mode (or on some occasions the shock mode) on the e-collar.

The organiser of this training, Ross Gilmour, explains that the training is only about 10 to 15 minutes, but the impact is long-lasting, as seen through the kiwi training.

“It’s common for dogs that have been through the Kiwi Avoidance Training and are returning for a reassessment after one or even two years, and they do not want to enter the course area. Just the smell and sight of the first bird is more than enough for them! 

"We recently had around 10 dogs come back who had been through the pilot training course approximately seven months ago to see how well the training lasted, and every one of them stayed well away from the penguins.”

While the kororā training is relatively new, 170 dog owners have participated so far and the response has been positive, says Ross.

“Owners were happy with the training and the way their dog was treated; plus, they felt they learned something new about their dog.”

Two people standing on a beach holding onto a small orange and white dog.
Evie with Ross (left) and Willy (right) at her second training session.

Taranaki whānui Kaitohutohu ngā kororā Charlie Rudd supports the mahi of Ross and Willy.

"I have witnessed their mahi and felt their mauri, educating people and protecting our taonga. This aligns with our value to protect the taiao."

Some of the dog breeds that have completed the training included English Setter, Visla, Alsatian, Huntaway/Cross, Labradoodle, Bordoodle, American Staffie, Springer Spaniel, Sproodle, Fox Terrier, Cavoodle, Jack Russel, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and a Shih Tzu/Pomeranian.

By taking this small step, dog owners are making a big difference in protecting the world’s smallest penguin.

To register, contact Ross by emailing ross@penguinavoidance.org.

What do you do if you spot a kororā in need of help?

If you spot a sick or injured kororā call DOC on 0800 362 468.

If DOC suggests the animal requires treatment, please take it to The Nest Te Kōhanga at Wellington Zoo where it will receive expert vet care. Learn more about this process on the Forest and Bird website.

If you find a dead kororā, call DOC at 0800 362 468. Take pictures of the bird and the surrounding space to help DOC understand what happened.

Visit wellington.govt.nz/korora for more information.