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News | 20 December 2024
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Base isolators: Explained

Base isolators have been installed across a range of buildings in Pōneke as a way to strengthen them during an earthquake, such as at Te Matapihi ki te Ao Nui. But how does a base isolator actually work? Read on to find out more from Project Manager at Te Matapihi Stu Hercus.

Two men standing infront of a concrete pillar.

What is a base isolator?

Base Isolators absorb the pressure from an earthquake underground and keep it from affecting the structure above the ground.

A base isolator is made up of sliders or pads made from rubber and lead, which are called ‘LRBs’ or Lead Rubber bearers. The number of sliders and LRBs you need depend on the type of structure you are trying to strengthen. At Te Matapihi, there are 24 LRBs and 58 sliders. 

An LRB is designed to bring the building back into the right place after a quake. A slider is like a hockey puck, and acts as a frictionless surface that moves around the weight of the building and also allows it to slide side-to-side. 

At Te Matapihi, the combination of sliders and LRBs allows the building to move 800mms in an earthquake without being damaged. 

How do the base isolators work in a building?

Putting in base isolators is done in a sequence.  You need to strengthen certain areas one at a time to be able to fit the base isolators in. 

The base isolators are put into existing columns that hold up the building. To put them in, we’ve had to lift each column one by one, and then fit the base isolator into the column.  

As the columns and base isolators sit underground, we have had to do work underneath the building. This has meant digging deeper into the earth and pumping out sea water and putting structural steel, or piles, in place. To put in base isolators, you need hard soil and ground.

Strengthening is also done to the building itself to work on top of the base isolators. Previously Te Matapihi was a flexible building, so it would sway in an earthquake. Now, we have built Te Matapihi to be more rigid so that it doesn’t sway side to side but instead it moves as one on top of the base isolators. 

Once the building moves back into place, there shouldn’t be damage as the building keeps the same shape and hasn’t hit anything on the sides because of the rattle zone.

 
Basement of Te Matapihi.

Could you break down what the rattle zone is?

Every building that’s base isolated needs a rattle zone. You can think of the building as an island, and it needs to move independently to the rest of Wellington, so it doesn’t get damaged against other buildings or structures. 

To make sure this move can happen, you need a gap around the building – which is what a rattle zone is. Think of Te Matapihi as a castle, and the rattle zone as its moat. 

Watch this Youtube video to find out more